Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health concern affecting individuals of all ages and backgrounds. In order to know how to protect your sexual health, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of common STIs, including their transmission, symptoms, and available treatment options. In this blog, we will provide an in-depth overview of STIs, empowering you with the knowledge to protect your sexual health.
7 Common STIs You Must Be Aware Of
There are several STIs. However, we have put together the common ones including their symptoms and transmission modes. It should be noted that you may observe some of the common STI symptoms listed or even none at all. If you feel you might been exposed to an STI, your best action is to contact your healthcare provider.
Be that as it may, here are some popular STIs:
- HIV
The first step in learning how to protect your sexual health is understanding this particular infection as it is quite rampant today. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a viral infection that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, which play a crucial role in fighting infections. HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It is important to note that HIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact like hugging or shaking hands.
Early symptoms of HIV infection, known as acute HIV, may resemble flu-like symptoms, including fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and body aches. However, some individuals may not experience any noticeable symptoms during this stage. Without proper treatment, HIV can progress to a more advanced stage called AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), where the immune system is severely compromised, leading to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
It is essential to get tested for HIV if you have engaged in unprotected sex, shared needles, or are pregnant. Early diagnosis is crucial for accessing appropriate medical care and treatment. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary treatment for HIV, which helps suppress the virus, control the progression of the disease, and preserve the immune system’s function. With effective treatment and care, people living with HIV can lead long and healthy lives.
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent STI caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
While many HPV infections clear on their own, some strains can lead to genital warts or certain types of cancers, such as cervical, anal, or throat cancer. Vaccination is a key preventive measure, and routine screenings are essential for early detection and treatment.
- Chlamydia
Chlamydia is one of the most common bacterial STIs, particularly among young adults. It is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse. Common symptoms in both men and women include abnormal discharge, painful urination, and abdominal pain.
If left untreated, chlamydia can lead to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and increased risk of HIV transmission. Treatment involves a course of antibiotics, and sexual partners should be informed and treated as well.
- Gonorrhea
Learning how to protect your sexual health is vital and gonorrhea is quite common among men and women. Gonorrhea is a bacterial STI that can infect the genitals, rectum, and throat. It is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
Common symptoms include painful urination, abnormal discharge, and increased frequency of urination. If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to complications such as PID, infertility, and an increased risk of HIV transmission. Treatment involves antibiotics, and sexual partners should be notified and treated as well.
- Herpes
Herpes is a viral STI caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2. It is primarily transmitted through direct contact with herpes sores or through oral, vaginal, or anal sex. Herpes can cause recurring outbreaks of painful blisters or sores on or around the genitals, rectum, or mouth. While there is no cure for herpes, antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks.
- Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial STI that progresses in stages if left untreated. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. The early stage of syphilis is characterized by painless sores or ulcers, while the later stages can lead to severe complications affecting various organs, including the heart and brain. Syphilis can be treated and cured with antibiotics, especially in the early stages.
- Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver and can cause both acute and chronic liver disease. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or other body fluids. Common modes of transmission include sexual contact, sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia, and from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth.
Acute hepatitis B infection may cause symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. While most adults recover from acute hepatitis B without long-term complications, some individuals may develop chronic hepatitis B, which can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer.
Prevention is key in managing hepatitis B. Vaccination is available and is highly effective in preventing infection. It is recommended for all infants and children, as well as individuals at high risk, such as healthcare workers, people with multiple sexual partners, individuals who inject drugs, and those with chronic liver disease.
Conclusion
Understanding common STIs, including their transmission, symptoms, and available treatment options, is vital in understanding how to protect your sexual health. Regular screenings, practicing safe sex, using barrier methods like condoms, and getting vaccinated when applicable are essential steps in preventing the spread of STIs and maintaining a healthy sexual life.
Remember, C. W. Williams Community Health Center is here to support you with comprehensive STI screenings, treatment, and expert guidance. Don’t hesitate to visit us or call our friendly staff at 704-393-7720 to schedule an appointment or learn more about how we can assist you in protecting your sexual health. Take charge of your well-being and prioritize your sexual health today.
