Self-testing for HIV allows you to check your status in the privacy of your home. This article will walk you through everything you need to know about preparing for your first HIV self-test.
What are the types of HIV Self-tests?
There are two main types of HIV self-tests available:
Oral fluid tests
This test uses a swab to collect saliva from your gums and cheeks. The swab is then inserted into a testing solution that detects HIV antibodies.
Pros:
- Non-invasive and painless
- Easy to perform
- No blood involved, reducing the risk of exposure
Cons:
- Slightly less sensitive than blood tests
- Can be affected by recent eating, drinking, or oral care
Example: The OraQuick In-Home HIV Test kit is a common oral fluid test available in many countries.
Finger-prick tests
It requires a small blood sample from your fingertip. You prick your finger with a provided lancet and place a drop of blood on a test strip or in a small vial with a testing solution.
Pros
- Generally more sensitive than oral fluid tests
- Can detect HIV infection sooner after exposure
- Less affected by food, drink, or oral care products
Cons
- Involves a small amount of pain
- Some people may be uncomfortable with blood
- Requires careful handling to avoid contamination
Example: The INSTI HIV Self-Test is a finger-prick test used in various countries.
Note:
- Both types of tests detect HIV antibodies, which are proteins your body produces in response to HIV infection.
- There’s a “window period” after infection before these antibodies become detectable. This period can last up to 3 months, which is why regular testing is recommended for those at risk.
- Each type of test has its specific instructions, so it’s crucial to carefully read and follow the directions provided in your test kit.
- If you’re unsure which type of test to choose, consult a healthcare provider who can help you make the best decision based on your circumstances.
What You Should Avoid Before an HIV self-test
To ensure accurate results, avoid the following before taking your test:
Eating, drinking, or smoking for at least 30 minutes before the test
Food, drinks, and cigarettes can leave residues in your mouth that might interfere with the test results, especially for oral fluid tests. These substances can alter the pH level of your saliva or introduce foreign particles that could affect the test’s accuracy.
Examples to avoid:
- Snacks or meals
- Coffee, tea, or sodas
- Alcoholic beverages
- Cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or chewing tobacco
Using mouthwash or oral care products (for oral fluid tests)
Oral care products often contain chemicals that can alter the composition of your saliva or potentially damage the proteins that the HIV test is designed to detect.
Examples to avoid:
- Mouthwash
- Teeth whitening products
- Dental floss
- Toothpaste (wait at least 30 minutes after brushing)
Taking medications that might interfere with the test
Some medications can affect the chemical balance in your body or interact with the test components, potentially leading to false results.
Examples to avoid:
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV
- Certain antibiotics
- Some antiviral medications
Note: Consult your healthcare provider before stopping any prescribed medications.
Engaging in activities that might cause bleeding in the mouth (for oral fluid tests)
The presence of blood in your saliva can interfere with the test’s ability to detect HIV antibodies accurately.
Examples to avoid:
- Vigorous teeth brushing
- Using toothpicks
- Eating hard or crunchy foods that might cut your gums
What You Need for An HIV Self-Test
Gather these items before starting your test:
- The HIV self-test kit
- A timer or clock
- A well-lit, clean surface
- Tissues or cotton swabs
- A disposal bag for used materials
Tips to Prepare for an HIV self-test
Here are some steps to help you prepare before taking an HIV self-test,
- Read and understand the instructions that come with the test kit.
- Choose a place where you feel safe and comfortable.
- Know who to contact if you need help or information.
- Avoid certain foods, drinks, mouthwash, toothpaste, or whitening strips for 30 minutes before taking the test.
- Remove dentures or any other products that cover your gums.
- Don’t use the test kit if the box has been opened, the expiration date has passed, or any of the package contents are missing or broken.
If you’re using a blood-based test kit, you can also:
- Massage your finger for 5–10 seconds
- Swab your finger with an alcohol swab and allow it to dry
- Insert the test device into the test stand
- Push down firmly
How to self-test yourself for HIV
While specific steps may vary depending on the test type, here’s a general guide:
- Open the test kit and lay out all materials
- For oral tests: Swab your upper and lower gums
- For finger-prick tests: Clean your fingertip and prick it with the provided lancet
- Collect the sample as directed
- Apply the sample to the test device
- Wait for the specified time (usually 20-40 minutes)
- Read and interpret the results carefully
Next Steps
After completing your HIV self-test:
- If the result is negative, consider regular testing as part of your health routine
- If the result is positive or unclear, contact a healthcare provider for a follow-up test
- Dispose of all used materials safely
- Remember that HIV is manageable with proper care and treatment
Ready to take your HIV self-test? Our medical experts can provide you with an FDA approved HIV self-test kit today and get confidential results in the comfort of your home. Book an appointment to speak with an expert
